PROCRASTINATION SUCKS BALLS part 4...(critically thinking NOW AND FOREVERMORE!)

chapter 9
The baby and egg turtle question.
--In my opinion, releasing the turtles when they are matured enough makes the not pure turtle. They will miss alot in their turtle life and will make it harder for them to survive in the wild. One thing that will happen is that those turtles will love to be more with the human environment where they grew. Releasing the turtles at a young age will make them learn a lot of wild life at a young age. Though releasing them at young age seems like a good idea to alot, for me it's not. Younglings like the turtles don't really develop a hard shell for protection so there are more risks when young.

chapter 18
Shellfish aren't selfish! lol.. Well shellfishes filter feeders meaning drug addicts! lol.. they take those pollutants and turn them into food, talk about being sick! Other fishes though would have a bad effect on these things. So i suggest that if the long island new yorkers would like to see some fishes then STOP POLLUTING THE WATER!! lol..

PROCRASTINATION SUCKS BALLS part 3...(critically thinking)

chapter 4
question about photosynthesis and respiration of algae in the night and day.

Well the answer is just right under our noses!! (NOT BOOGERS) Temperature during the day and night always differs. There will be not enough oxygen for the algae to undergo photosynthesis, but there is a good chance of respiration.

chapter 5
An autotrophic protist, such as a diatom or a dinoflagellate, can evolve into a heterotrophic protest (and therefore a protozoan) simply by losing its chloroplasts. Under what conditions might this take place?
Just like growths of other human beings, A. protest undergo specific process in which the develop heterotrophic parts. In this process, A. protests loose their chloroplast in order for other parts evolve or mutate into a another part that is needed when an A. protest becomes a protozoan.

chapter 6
question about plants in the ocean...
As a person who have a great knowledge about mangroves, i can concur that flowering plants like the mangrove has the ability to take out the salt water. There are three processes so far that i have known. First is what i call perspiration. This happen when the leaves perspire salt and when they wither and fall, the salt falls along with the leaves. The 2nd process is the rejection. Some mangroves are able to reject a big amount of percentage of salt by their roots. The last process is the transportation! CAN THIS GET ANY BETTER?!?! Well, transportation happens when the mangrove gives out the remaining salt to it's bark. The bark the carries the salt away when it falls down. Like other flowering plants that lives in the sea, these mangroves, with the use of it's process of transportation, perspiration, and rejection, they are able to live in the sea.

PROCRASTINATION SUCKS BALLS part 2...(critically thinking)

Chapter 1:
Most of the major advances in marine bio. have come in the last 20 years. Why do you think so?
Well people became smarter! uh uh uh uh.. lol.. Technology have came the long way and has given birth to alot of sciences. With the use of technology, people can go underwater and take pictures or videos. With technology graphs and other data are easier to make. And with technology information about how beautiful AND/OR ugly our marine environment is spread throughout the world giving alot of people concerns and curiosity on how to make our water life better.

PROCRASTINATION SUCKS BALLS...(critically thinking)

chapter 8:
1. Well hag fishes and lampreys might not have been a big sell to people like us. They also have great survival skills. They manage to reproduce themselves and protect themselves from predators. They could've also have a great sense of adaptation to their surroundings.

2. Well looking at the information given. This mama shark was looking for food. And was disturbed by these researchers. (SHARKS ARE FRIENDS!! NOT FOOD!!) Well according to the other information, i can guess that the mama shark is about to have a baby, but since the stomach is empty, there might be a chance that she gave birth already to her younglings.

3. Well, as a male.. DUH!! lol.. i would gladly say that males are better on the count of that they can protect and are stronger. Having a lot of males though could lessen the reproduction and visa versa for the females. As a male too, I'd rather have more females than males. (like they say "THE MORE THE MERRIER!!) Equal numbers of male and female are the best because you got the pack watching for the females and the females giving birth.

REEF MAP
[This map only shows the fringe reef, there are no atolls but there are surely barrier reef.

SIMILARITIES:
-all took a long time to grow into what they are now
-all are reefs
-all have reef slopes and reef flats
-there is different bunch of marine wild life living in these reefs
-all reefs happen because of corals

DIFFERENCES:
-the way they are made
-their location
-the way they look like
-their function
-their distance from the shore

Fringe Reef

Barrier Reef

Atolls

1. How is each reef structure formed?
Most modern reefs have formed on hard surfaces in the ocean and some coral reefs form in the deep ocean and are called atolls.

2. Where is each reef structure found?
Fringing reefs are formed from decaying sea life and polyps that live near the shore. Take corals as an example, small corals will get stuck in rocks near the shore and begin to multiply and grow. Years and years will pass when you will see the those small corals becomes a colony or better known as a reef.
Barrier reefs are separated from the shore by a wide, deep lagoon or surround a lagoon that has a central island.
Atoll is a reef surrounding a lagoon that has no central island, usually with a lagoon in the center with passages through the reef to the sea. The waves of the lagoon cover a submerged island. The reef grows in layers over the island.

3. What is the trophic structure of a reef?
Fringing reefs lie near the shores.
Barrier reefs are farther than fringing reefs but still remain near the shore.
Atolls lay in the volcano.

4. How does the location and type of reef influence the trophic structure?
They give an Ideal place to live. Location and type of reefs help maintain a food cycle for an organism. All organisms in an ecosystem can be placed in trophic levels depending what energy source they rely upon and how they provide energy for other organisms in the food chain. The food chain consists of trophic levels, or the levels within the food chain in which energy is transformed.

5. Give examples of the types of corals found on reefs.
Round and big corals like brain corals. Star shaped corals. Branched out corals. Plant like corals like the sea whip. And weird corals like the lettuce corals.

6. Give examples of competition, predation, and grazing
Predation is like when a predator like a sea anemone stings a prey such as a fish and eats the up. MWAHAHAHAHAHA. Grazing is like when a seahorse feeds and takes care of it's younglings. And competition happens when a seashell crab tries to find a shell for home before the other crab does.



CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS: CHAPTER 14

1. What factors might account for the fact that the vast majority of atolls occur in the Indian and Pacific oceans and that atolls are rare in the Atlantic?
The trade winds affect the atolls a lot because most atolls lie in the trade wind belt. The growth of these atolls happen because of the continuous shifting and molding of the winds.

2. Scientists predict that the ocean will get warmer and the sea level will rise as a result of an intensified greenhouse effect. How might this affect coral reefs?
Corals are like just any other creatures, if nature goes against them, they will die. Too much of everything is a really bad thing.

3. There are only a few reefs off the northeast coast of Brazil, even though it lies in the tropics. How would you explain this?
South American waters especially in Brazil are too salty. As we know, salt blocks the sunlight making it hard for the marine life to grow.

What is sea floor spreading?
Sea Floor Spreading happens when two plates break apart. The ocean floor extends because of this movement.
What are some of the major land forms that are created from plate movement?
Mountains, the 7 continents, volcanoes, islands, trenches, and other land forms were created due to the movement of these plates.

How were the Mariana Islands formed?
The Mariana Islands were formed by the underwater volcanoes. Most of these volcanoes stopped erupting and finally grew vegetation and served as a home for creatures.

What evidence exists today that the plates are still moving and that the islands are ancient volcanoes?
Earthquakes. Earthquakes are the reasons why we can know that the plates are moving.

What is an atoll?
a bunch of small island-like land form or bunch of piled sand cays that usually form a circular formation.

Why are atolls mainly found on the Pacific?
Well atolls are made up of reefs and sand cays. Pacific ocean is a best place for that things like these types of land forms.

adaptation of animals!! lol..

REPTILES

Turtles have a dorso-ventrally flattened body, a beaked head at the end of a short neck, and paddle-like arms well-adapted for swimming. Unlike the closely-related hawksbil turtle, the green sea turtle's snout is very short and its beak is unhooked. The horny sheath of the turtle's upper jaw possesses a slightly-denticulated edge while its lower jaw has stronger, more defined denticulation. The dorsal surface of the turtle's head has a single pair of prefrontal shields. Mature C. mydas front appendages have only a single claw (as opposed to the hawksbill's two), although a second claw is sometimes prominent in young specimens. The carapace of the turtle is known to have various color patterns that change over time. Hatchlings of C. mydas, like those of other marine turtles, have mostly black carapaces and light-colored plastrons. Carapaces of juveniles are dark brown to olive, while those of mature adults are either entirely brown, spotted or marbled with variegated rays. Underneath, the turtle's plastron is hued yellow. C. mydas limbs are dark-colored and lined with yellow, and are usually marked with a large dark brown spot in the center of each appendage. The green sea turtle is known to grow up to one and a half meters long. While individuals have been caught that reached weights of up to 315 kilograms, average weight of mature individuals is around 200 kilograms. The largest Chelonia mydas ever recorded weighed 395 kilograms (871 lbs.) The species is known to live up to eighty (80) years in the wild.

MAMMALS

Sea otters are up to about 4 feet (1.3 meters) long and weigh from 45 to 82 pounds (20-37 kilograms). They have webbed hind feet which they use to swim; the forefeet are smaller. The claws are semi-retractile. The ears and nostrils close when the otter is underwater. Sea otters sleep and rest on their backs, usually anchored in a kelp (seaweed) bed.Sea otters are carnivores (meat-eaters). They eat crustaceans, clams, mussels, abalone, octopuses, squids, and fish. They hunt for their prey in the ocean and on the sea floor. These intelligent mammals use rocks to help crack open clams.The main difference between the three subspecies is the shape of the skull and the size of the otter (Alaskan otters tend to be larger). There are also other types of otters, such as the river otter, but sea otters are distinctly different from other otters. They are adapted to living their entire lives in the water, whereas other otters live on land and merely hunt in water. Unlike other marine mammals, such as seals and dolphins, sea otters do not rely on a layer of fat to insulate their bodies from the cold water. Instead, they have a thick fur which keeps them warm. Adult sea otters average about 1.3 meters (4 feet) in length and about 20-45 kilograms (45-100 pounds) in weight. Their normal position, when in the ocean, is floating on their backs with their paws sticking up out of the water. They do this to conserve heat (since their paws aren't covered with fur).

BIRDS

Seagulls are one of the major predators in the sea. They come in a large pack and are close to land on the count of that not only they stuff their tummies for fish, they also eat insects that fly from the waters and crustaceans like crabs and shrimps. The Ring-Billed Gull is about 18 to 21 inches (45-53 cm) long with a 20 inch (50 cm) wingspan. It weighs about 1.5 pounds (0.7 kg). Adults (who mature at three years of age) are mostly white; juveniles are a mottled brown.

NO MORE TUNA?!?!?!?! (Fish Article)

Ok.. FINE NO TUNA.. but i mean.. IT'S NOT THE FISHING THAT BECOMES THE PROBLEM!! it's the people who don't know how to take care of the ocean and all of the surroundings!! They destroy the surroundings and then complain that fishes are gone! The freaked up thing about the whole article is that they blame it on fishing! i mean ya the technology has advanced and well, we can DAMN get a lot of fishes! But it doesn't mean that it's one of the main reasons that fishes are decreasing. Our ancestors have been fishing and have been using fish as one of their needs and look at them, they are able to manage the fish population. I tell you ladies and gents, if the CNMI stop polluting the ocean, there will be tons of schools of fishes in the waters which can help our tourism and our needs here in the CNMI.

WHAT IS INSIDE SQUIDWARD?

Digestive System: Not enough info about Squidwards' digestive system but like other animals, he eats and takes poop.

Circulatory System: Squiudward has an open circulatory system.highly detailed heart, arterial flow to and venous flow from fingers, toes and organs, to the base of the brain and through the cranium and face.

Nervous System: A squid has a very complex nervous system compared to most invertebrates. Having They have a large brain that coordinates and stores information received around its environment. Also, by using their giant nerve fibers, they can rapidly conduct impulses, which allows them to capture their prey at great velocities.

Excretory System: The excretory system of a squid if also known as a metanephridium, which consists of a ciliated funnel opening into the body cavity and to a duct which opens to its exterior. These ciliated tubes assist in the pumping out waste products.

Reproductive System: The reproduction in squids is external - where the male uses a modified arm to transfer a spermatophore to the female.

Integumentary System: Squidward's integumentary system consists of an enclosed in the mantle with two fins each side. Squidward's skin is similar to a skin of an octopus, it is covered in chromatophores, which enables squidward to change and blend to their surrouundings.

Squidward's is a special squid on the count of that he lives in a rock and plays a flute. But the original relatives that squids have is that they are found living close to the shores. Some squids are able to camouflage and blend so they are more likely to be found in the rocks and or in the sand.

SEE PATRICKS INSIDES!!!!

Digestive system: Patrick eats by using his mouth which is also connected to the cardiac stomach. He has have a complete digestive system with a mouth at the center of their underside (the "oral" side) and an anus on their upper surface (the "aboral" side).

Circulatory system: Patrick's circulatory system includes the perivisceral coelom (basically, the space inside the body but outside the various organs), the water vascular system (of which the tube feet are the most obvious part), and the hemal system (which actually looks something like a circulatory system).

Nervous system: The central nervous system of a starfish consists of a radial nerve running the length of each ray and a circumoral ("around the mouth") nerve ring that connects the radial nerves. Contrary to what you might expect, the nerve ring doesn't seem equipped to do any kind of processing of information. Instead, all the sensory information must go to the radial nerves, any memories must be stored in the radial nerves, and any decisions about what to do must be made in the radial nerves. And somehow, the five different radial nerves must coordinate those decisions if the starfish is going to get anywhere.

Excretory system: Coelomic fluid, circulated by ciliary action, performs many of the normal functions of a circulatory system.

Reproductive system: A female starfish sheds in two hours several millions of eggs into the water, with a mean diameter of 0.16-0.19 mm . After fertilization, a hollow ball develops, called the blastula. The cells of the blastula possess cilia on the outside for swimming. After one day a deep groove develops, leading to the gastrula. The gastrula's of all types of echinoderms are very similar. But then differentiation starts. The common starfish develops a so-called bipinnaria larva, with ciliated bands running about the periphery. After several weeks the bipinnaria larva takes on a more elaborate form, with longerprojecting arms and after some more weeks, a brachiolaria larva is formed. The larvae have their own gut, with inside cilia to inhale and transport food particles. They feed themselves with diatoms and other organisms in the plankton. The stomach is large and round and situated at the backside. After this phase a large part of the larva degenerates and at the rear side a rudimentary formed juvenile starfish develops. The organs of the young starfish are formed anew.

Integumentary system: Tough skin protecting the vital organisms. Some species have spikes for additional protection.

Body plan: Radial symmetry, no head.

Patrick or other sea stars are found in most of temperate and tropical oceans of the world. They are exclusively marine and are bottom dwellers.

CRAYFISHMAN!!

The digestive system consists of the foregut, which includes an enlarged stomach, part of which is specialized for grinding; the midgut, which extends from the foregut; and the hindgut, which leads to the anus and functions in water and salt regulation. The digestive gland secretes digestive enzymes and aids in the absorption of the products of digestion.

The circulatory system is centered around a muscular heart with dorsal, anterior, and posterior arteries leading away from it. Branches of these vessels empty into the sinuses of the hemocoel. The ventral sinus collects the blood, the blood travels through the gills, and then returns to the pericardial sinus surrounding their heart.

The nervous system is composed of a ventral nerve cord fused with segmental ganglia, and the supra esophageal and sub esophageal ganglia. Giant neurons in the ventral nerve cord function in escape responses. The supra esophageal and sub esophageal ganglia control the head appendages in response to sensory input received from receptors.

The excretory system are also called the antenna glands because they are located at the base of the second antenna. They excrete the waste products of blood filtration; ammonia is the primary waste product. Ammonia is also excreted across the gill surfaces and by diffusion across thin parts of the exoskeleton .

Arthropods like these crayfishes are mostly found in rocky tributary streams and rivers, and rocky areas along the shoreline.

CLAM ME UP!!!

Digestive system: Clams feed theusing cilia. They catch food in sticky mucus and move it into the mouth via cilia. However, they only retain some ability to filter-feed and rely on their bacterial symbionts that live within their gills for the major source of their nutrition. The symbionts receive nutrients and oxygen, which flow into the clam through the uppermost end of the shell.

Circulatory system: The heart wraps around the intestine where the intestine emerges from the visceral mass. The heart consists of two parts, a thick-walled ventricle surrounding the intestine and two thin-walled auricles attached at either side of the ventricle. This is an excretory organ known as a nephridium. Nephridia remove metabolic waste products from the blood and release the waste into the mantle cavity near the excurrent aperture.

Nervous system: Clams have a typical bivalve nervous system containing three pairs of ganglia. There is the cerebral ganglia on the left and right sides of the esophagus, a fused pair of pedal ganglia at the base of the foot within the visceral mass and a pair of closely adjacent visceral (posterior) ganglia ventral to the posterior adductor muscle.

Reproductive system: They have what you call a gonad. The gonad is an integral part of the visceral mass positioned ventral and lateral to the digestive gland and loops of the intestine. The clam is either male or female and reproduces sexually.

Integumentary system: clams are protected by a hard shell made of calcium carbonate secreted by the mantle, a heavy fold of tissue that surrounds the mollusc's internal organs.


Clams live on bays and estuaries to approximately 15 meters in depth. They are generally found in mud flats and firm bottom areas consisting of sand or shell fragments. They can tolerate a wide range of salinities and live in brackish to saltwater conditions. . Clams have hatchet-footed, which makes them a mollusk.