PROCRASTINATION SUCKS BALLS part 4...(critically thinking NOW AND FOREVERMORE!)

chapter 9
The baby and egg turtle question.
--In my opinion, releasing the turtles when they are matured enough makes the not pure turtle. They will miss alot in their turtle life and will make it harder for them to survive in the wild. One thing that will happen is that those turtles will love to be more with the human environment where they grew. Releasing the turtles at a young age will make them learn a lot of wild life at a young age. Though releasing them at young age seems like a good idea to alot, for me it's not. Younglings like the turtles don't really develop a hard shell for protection so there are more risks when young.

chapter 18
Shellfish aren't selfish! lol.. Well shellfishes filter feeders meaning drug addicts! lol.. they take those pollutants and turn them into food, talk about being sick! Other fishes though would have a bad effect on these things. So i suggest that if the long island new yorkers would like to see some fishes then STOP POLLUTING THE WATER!! lol..

PROCRASTINATION SUCKS BALLS part 3...(critically thinking)

chapter 4
question about photosynthesis and respiration of algae in the night and day.

Well the answer is just right under our noses!! (NOT BOOGERS) Temperature during the day and night always differs. There will be not enough oxygen for the algae to undergo photosynthesis, but there is a good chance of respiration.

chapter 5
An autotrophic protist, such as a diatom or a dinoflagellate, can evolve into a heterotrophic protest (and therefore a protozoan) simply by losing its chloroplasts. Under what conditions might this take place?
Just like growths of other human beings, A. protest undergo specific process in which the develop heterotrophic parts. In this process, A. protests loose their chloroplast in order for other parts evolve or mutate into a another part that is needed when an A. protest becomes a protozoan.

chapter 6
question about plants in the ocean...
As a person who have a great knowledge about mangroves, i can concur that flowering plants like the mangrove has the ability to take out the salt water. There are three processes so far that i have known. First is what i call perspiration. This happen when the leaves perspire salt and when they wither and fall, the salt falls along with the leaves. The 2nd process is the rejection. Some mangroves are able to reject a big amount of percentage of salt by their roots. The last process is the transportation! CAN THIS GET ANY BETTER?!?! Well, transportation happens when the mangrove gives out the remaining salt to it's bark. The bark the carries the salt away when it falls down. Like other flowering plants that lives in the sea, these mangroves, with the use of it's process of transportation, perspiration, and rejection, they are able to live in the sea.

PROCRASTINATION SUCKS BALLS part 2...(critically thinking)

Chapter 1:
Most of the major advances in marine bio. have come in the last 20 years. Why do you think so?
Well people became smarter! uh uh uh uh.. lol.. Technology have came the long way and has given birth to alot of sciences. With the use of technology, people can go underwater and take pictures or videos. With technology graphs and other data are easier to make. And with technology information about how beautiful AND/OR ugly our marine environment is spread throughout the world giving alot of people concerns and curiosity on how to make our water life better.

PROCRASTINATION SUCKS BALLS...(critically thinking)

chapter 8:
1. Well hag fishes and lampreys might not have been a big sell to people like us. They also have great survival skills. They manage to reproduce themselves and protect themselves from predators. They could've also have a great sense of adaptation to their surroundings.

2. Well looking at the information given. This mama shark was looking for food. And was disturbed by these researchers. (SHARKS ARE FRIENDS!! NOT FOOD!!) Well according to the other information, i can guess that the mama shark is about to have a baby, but since the stomach is empty, there might be a chance that she gave birth already to her younglings.

3. Well, as a male.. DUH!! lol.. i would gladly say that males are better on the count of that they can protect and are stronger. Having a lot of males though could lessen the reproduction and visa versa for the females. As a male too, I'd rather have more females than males. (like they say "THE MORE THE MERRIER!!) Equal numbers of male and female are the best because you got the pack watching for the females and the females giving birth.

REEF MAP
[This map only shows the fringe reef, there are no atolls but there are surely barrier reef.

SIMILARITIES:
-all took a long time to grow into what they are now
-all are reefs
-all have reef slopes and reef flats
-there is different bunch of marine wild life living in these reefs
-all reefs happen because of corals

DIFFERENCES:
-the way they are made
-their location
-the way they look like
-their function
-their distance from the shore

Fringe Reef

Barrier Reef

Atolls

1. How is each reef structure formed?
Most modern reefs have formed on hard surfaces in the ocean and some coral reefs form in the deep ocean and are called atolls.

2. Where is each reef structure found?
Fringing reefs are formed from decaying sea life and polyps that live near the shore. Take corals as an example, small corals will get stuck in rocks near the shore and begin to multiply and grow. Years and years will pass when you will see the those small corals becomes a colony or better known as a reef.
Barrier reefs are separated from the shore by a wide, deep lagoon or surround a lagoon that has a central island.
Atoll is a reef surrounding a lagoon that has no central island, usually with a lagoon in the center with passages through the reef to the sea. The waves of the lagoon cover a submerged island. The reef grows in layers over the island.

3. What is the trophic structure of a reef?
Fringing reefs lie near the shores.
Barrier reefs are farther than fringing reefs but still remain near the shore.
Atolls lay in the volcano.

4. How does the location and type of reef influence the trophic structure?
They give an Ideal place to live. Location and type of reefs help maintain a food cycle for an organism. All organisms in an ecosystem can be placed in trophic levels depending what energy source they rely upon and how they provide energy for other organisms in the food chain. The food chain consists of trophic levels, or the levels within the food chain in which energy is transformed.

5. Give examples of the types of corals found on reefs.
Round and big corals like brain corals. Star shaped corals. Branched out corals. Plant like corals like the sea whip. And weird corals like the lettuce corals.

6. Give examples of competition, predation, and grazing
Predation is like when a predator like a sea anemone stings a prey such as a fish and eats the up. MWAHAHAHAHAHA. Grazing is like when a seahorse feeds and takes care of it's younglings. And competition happens when a seashell crab tries to find a shell for home before the other crab does.



CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS: CHAPTER 14

1. What factors might account for the fact that the vast majority of atolls occur in the Indian and Pacific oceans and that atolls are rare in the Atlantic?
The trade winds affect the atolls a lot because most atolls lie in the trade wind belt. The growth of these atolls happen because of the continuous shifting and molding of the winds.

2. Scientists predict that the ocean will get warmer and the sea level will rise as a result of an intensified greenhouse effect. How might this affect coral reefs?
Corals are like just any other creatures, if nature goes against them, they will die. Too much of everything is a really bad thing.

3. There are only a few reefs off the northeast coast of Brazil, even though it lies in the tropics. How would you explain this?
South American waters especially in Brazil are too salty. As we know, salt blocks the sunlight making it hard for the marine life to grow.

What is sea floor spreading?
Sea Floor Spreading happens when two plates break apart. The ocean floor extends because of this movement.
What are some of the major land forms that are created from plate movement?
Mountains, the 7 continents, volcanoes, islands, trenches, and other land forms were created due to the movement of these plates.

How were the Mariana Islands formed?
The Mariana Islands were formed by the underwater volcanoes. Most of these volcanoes stopped erupting and finally grew vegetation and served as a home for creatures.

What evidence exists today that the plates are still moving and that the islands are ancient volcanoes?
Earthquakes. Earthquakes are the reasons why we can know that the plates are moving.

What is an atoll?
a bunch of small island-like land form or bunch of piled sand cays that usually form a circular formation.

Why are atolls mainly found on the Pacific?
Well atolls are made up of reefs and sand cays. Pacific ocean is a best place for that things like these types of land forms.

adaptation of animals!! lol..

REPTILES

Turtles have a dorso-ventrally flattened body, a beaked head at the end of a short neck, and paddle-like arms well-adapted for swimming. Unlike the closely-related hawksbil turtle, the green sea turtle's snout is very short and its beak is unhooked. The horny sheath of the turtle's upper jaw possesses a slightly-denticulated edge while its lower jaw has stronger, more defined denticulation. The dorsal surface of the turtle's head has a single pair of prefrontal shields. Mature C. mydas front appendages have only a single claw (as opposed to the hawksbill's two), although a second claw is sometimes prominent in young specimens. The carapace of the turtle is known to have various color patterns that change over time. Hatchlings of C. mydas, like those of other marine turtles, have mostly black carapaces and light-colored plastrons. Carapaces of juveniles are dark brown to olive, while those of mature adults are either entirely brown, spotted or marbled with variegated rays. Underneath, the turtle's plastron is hued yellow. C. mydas limbs are dark-colored and lined with yellow, and are usually marked with a large dark brown spot in the center of each appendage. The green sea turtle is known to grow up to one and a half meters long. While individuals have been caught that reached weights of up to 315 kilograms, average weight of mature individuals is around 200 kilograms. The largest Chelonia mydas ever recorded weighed 395 kilograms (871 lbs.) The species is known to live up to eighty (80) years in the wild.

MAMMALS

Sea otters are up to about 4 feet (1.3 meters) long and weigh from 45 to 82 pounds (20-37 kilograms). They have webbed hind feet which they use to swim; the forefeet are smaller. The claws are semi-retractile. The ears and nostrils close when the otter is underwater. Sea otters sleep and rest on their backs, usually anchored in a kelp (seaweed) bed.Sea otters are carnivores (meat-eaters). They eat crustaceans, clams, mussels, abalone, octopuses, squids, and fish. They hunt for their prey in the ocean and on the sea floor. These intelligent mammals use rocks to help crack open clams.The main difference between the three subspecies is the shape of the skull and the size of the otter (Alaskan otters tend to be larger). There are also other types of otters, such as the river otter, but sea otters are distinctly different from other otters. They are adapted to living their entire lives in the water, whereas other otters live on land and merely hunt in water. Unlike other marine mammals, such as seals and dolphins, sea otters do not rely on a layer of fat to insulate their bodies from the cold water. Instead, they have a thick fur which keeps them warm. Adult sea otters average about 1.3 meters (4 feet) in length and about 20-45 kilograms (45-100 pounds) in weight. Their normal position, when in the ocean, is floating on their backs with their paws sticking up out of the water. They do this to conserve heat (since their paws aren't covered with fur).

BIRDS

Seagulls are one of the major predators in the sea. They come in a large pack and are close to land on the count of that not only they stuff their tummies for fish, they also eat insects that fly from the waters and crustaceans like crabs and shrimps. The Ring-Billed Gull is about 18 to 21 inches (45-53 cm) long with a 20 inch (50 cm) wingspan. It weighs about 1.5 pounds (0.7 kg). Adults (who mature at three years of age) are mostly white; juveniles are a mottled brown.

NO MORE TUNA?!?!?!?! (Fish Article)

Ok.. FINE NO TUNA.. but i mean.. IT'S NOT THE FISHING THAT BECOMES THE PROBLEM!! it's the people who don't know how to take care of the ocean and all of the surroundings!! They destroy the surroundings and then complain that fishes are gone! The freaked up thing about the whole article is that they blame it on fishing! i mean ya the technology has advanced and well, we can DAMN get a lot of fishes! But it doesn't mean that it's one of the main reasons that fishes are decreasing. Our ancestors have been fishing and have been using fish as one of their needs and look at them, they are able to manage the fish population. I tell you ladies and gents, if the CNMI stop polluting the ocean, there will be tons of schools of fishes in the waters which can help our tourism and our needs here in the CNMI.

WHAT IS INSIDE SQUIDWARD?

Digestive System: Not enough info about Squidwards' digestive system but like other animals, he eats and takes poop.

Circulatory System: Squiudward has an open circulatory system.highly detailed heart, arterial flow to and venous flow from fingers, toes and organs, to the base of the brain and through the cranium and face.

Nervous System: A squid has a very complex nervous system compared to most invertebrates. Having They have a large brain that coordinates and stores information received around its environment. Also, by using their giant nerve fibers, they can rapidly conduct impulses, which allows them to capture their prey at great velocities.

Excretory System: The excretory system of a squid if also known as a metanephridium, which consists of a ciliated funnel opening into the body cavity and to a duct which opens to its exterior. These ciliated tubes assist in the pumping out waste products.

Reproductive System: The reproduction in squids is external - where the male uses a modified arm to transfer a spermatophore to the female.

Integumentary System: Squidward's integumentary system consists of an enclosed in the mantle with two fins each side. Squidward's skin is similar to a skin of an octopus, it is covered in chromatophores, which enables squidward to change and blend to their surrouundings.

Squidward's is a special squid on the count of that he lives in a rock and plays a flute. But the original relatives that squids have is that they are found living close to the shores. Some squids are able to camouflage and blend so they are more likely to be found in the rocks and or in the sand.

SEE PATRICKS INSIDES!!!!

Digestive system: Patrick eats by using his mouth which is also connected to the cardiac stomach. He has have a complete digestive system with a mouth at the center of their underside (the "oral" side) and an anus on their upper surface (the "aboral" side).

Circulatory system: Patrick's circulatory system includes the perivisceral coelom (basically, the space inside the body but outside the various organs), the water vascular system (of which the tube feet are the most obvious part), and the hemal system (which actually looks something like a circulatory system).

Nervous system: The central nervous system of a starfish consists of a radial nerve running the length of each ray and a circumoral ("around the mouth") nerve ring that connects the radial nerves. Contrary to what you might expect, the nerve ring doesn't seem equipped to do any kind of processing of information. Instead, all the sensory information must go to the radial nerves, any memories must be stored in the radial nerves, and any decisions about what to do must be made in the radial nerves. And somehow, the five different radial nerves must coordinate those decisions if the starfish is going to get anywhere.

Excretory system: Coelomic fluid, circulated by ciliary action, performs many of the normal functions of a circulatory system.

Reproductive system: A female starfish sheds in two hours several millions of eggs into the water, with a mean diameter of 0.16-0.19 mm . After fertilization, a hollow ball develops, called the blastula. The cells of the blastula possess cilia on the outside for swimming. After one day a deep groove develops, leading to the gastrula. The gastrula's of all types of echinoderms are very similar. But then differentiation starts. The common starfish develops a so-called bipinnaria larva, with ciliated bands running about the periphery. After several weeks the bipinnaria larva takes on a more elaborate form, with longerprojecting arms and after some more weeks, a brachiolaria larva is formed. The larvae have their own gut, with inside cilia to inhale and transport food particles. They feed themselves with diatoms and other organisms in the plankton. The stomach is large and round and situated at the backside. After this phase a large part of the larva degenerates and at the rear side a rudimentary formed juvenile starfish develops. The organs of the young starfish are formed anew.

Integumentary system: Tough skin protecting the vital organisms. Some species have spikes for additional protection.

Body plan: Radial symmetry, no head.

Patrick or other sea stars are found in most of temperate and tropical oceans of the world. They are exclusively marine and are bottom dwellers.

CRAYFISHMAN!!

The digestive system consists of the foregut, which includes an enlarged stomach, part of which is specialized for grinding; the midgut, which extends from the foregut; and the hindgut, which leads to the anus and functions in water and salt regulation. The digestive gland secretes digestive enzymes and aids in the absorption of the products of digestion.

The circulatory system is centered around a muscular heart with dorsal, anterior, and posterior arteries leading away from it. Branches of these vessels empty into the sinuses of the hemocoel. The ventral sinus collects the blood, the blood travels through the gills, and then returns to the pericardial sinus surrounding their heart.

The nervous system is composed of a ventral nerve cord fused with segmental ganglia, and the supra esophageal and sub esophageal ganglia. Giant neurons in the ventral nerve cord function in escape responses. The supra esophageal and sub esophageal ganglia control the head appendages in response to sensory input received from receptors.

The excretory system are also called the antenna glands because they are located at the base of the second antenna. They excrete the waste products of blood filtration; ammonia is the primary waste product. Ammonia is also excreted across the gill surfaces and by diffusion across thin parts of the exoskeleton .

Arthropods like these crayfishes are mostly found in rocky tributary streams and rivers, and rocky areas along the shoreline.

CLAM ME UP!!!

Digestive system: Clams feed theusing cilia. They catch food in sticky mucus and move it into the mouth via cilia. However, they only retain some ability to filter-feed and rely on their bacterial symbionts that live within their gills for the major source of their nutrition. The symbionts receive nutrients and oxygen, which flow into the clam through the uppermost end of the shell.

Circulatory system: The heart wraps around the intestine where the intestine emerges from the visceral mass. The heart consists of two parts, a thick-walled ventricle surrounding the intestine and two thin-walled auricles attached at either side of the ventricle. This is an excretory organ known as a nephridium. Nephridia remove metabolic waste products from the blood and release the waste into the mantle cavity near the excurrent aperture.

Nervous system: Clams have a typical bivalve nervous system containing three pairs of ganglia. There is the cerebral ganglia on the left and right sides of the esophagus, a fused pair of pedal ganglia at the base of the foot within the visceral mass and a pair of closely adjacent visceral (posterior) ganglia ventral to the posterior adductor muscle.

Reproductive system: They have what you call a gonad. The gonad is an integral part of the visceral mass positioned ventral and lateral to the digestive gland and loops of the intestine. The clam is either male or female and reproduces sexually.

Integumentary system: clams are protected by a hard shell made of calcium carbonate secreted by the mantle, a heavy fold of tissue that surrounds the mollusc's internal organs.


Clams live on bays and estuaries to approximately 15 meters in depth. They are generally found in mud flats and firm bottom areas consisting of sand or shell fragments. They can tolerate a wide range of salinities and live in brackish to saltwater conditions. . Clams have hatchet-footed, which makes them a mollusk.

THE HYDRA!!! BEWARE!!!

Mrs. Bree and her dwarves on MT. Lau Lau...

My experience on mount Lau-Lau was fascinating. I really learned a lot. I learned that there are many things that hurt the CNMI marine environment. Pollution that comes from burning the forest is one of the factors why the waters in the beaches are filled with chemicals. Another factor are the chemicals in the asphalt that goes down the waters by means of the rain. The rain carries some chemicals in the asphalt then it goes down the ground to the underground water. Factories, transportation, and the waste that people leave behind mostly create other factors that contributes to the continuous pollution of the beaches. I also learned that whatever we do to hurt our environment, we do to ourselves to. The marine economy is connected with tourism and the fish industry. The worst the marine environment gets, the worst will our economy become. All in all, my trip was worth it even though it was hot. It was a great time to appreciate my surroundings and thank that its still hear and that without nature this world will go down. AHHH!!!!!!!!

DNA and RNA

1. What is DNA?
DeoxyriboNucleic Acid –any of various nucleic acids that are usually the molecular basis of heredity, are constructed of a double helix held together by hydrogen bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases which project inward from two chains containing alternate links of deoxyribose and phosphate, and that in eukaryotes are localized chiefly in cell nuclei

2. What are the 4 bases?
Adenine (A)

Thymine (T)

Cytosine (C)

Guanine (G)

3. What 2 pieces of information did the scientists need to solve the elusive structure of DNA?
The sugar-phosphate backbone is on the outside and the four different bases are on the inside of the DNA molecule.

4. What are the specific base pairs?
A is together with T and G is together with C.

5. How does the pairing rule affect the shape and structure of DNA?
It is either an adenine and thymine pair that form a two-hydrogen bond together, or a cytosine and guanine pair that form a three-hydrogen bond. The base pairing restricts the structure and shape of the DNA molecule during its cell division process.

6. What does the DNA do during cell division?
During cell division the DNA is copied. It is “unzipped”, spilt, and then copied exactly.

7. How many base pairs does E. Coli have? How long does it take to replicate? How is the DNA packaged in the cell?
There are 4,639,221 base pairs that an E. Coli has and it takes 40 minutes to replicate. A DNA is stored deep inside the genetic makeup of the cell.

8. How many base pairs does Human DNA have? How long does it take to replicate? How is the DNA packaged in the cell?
like a mouse, a human have about more than 3 billion base pair. These pairs take about 12-24 hours to replicate. Like the answer above, the DNA is stored deep inside the genetic makeup of the cell.


1. What is RNA? How different is it from DNA?
RNA or ribonucleic acid are any of various nucleic acids that contain ribose and uracil as structural components and are associated with the control of cellular chemical activities.

“Both DNA and RNA are composed of repeating units of nucleotides. Each

Nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate and a nucleic acid base.

The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose. The sugar in RNA is ribose, the same

as deoxyribose but with one more OH (oxygen-hydrogen atom combination

called a hydroxyl). This is the biggest difference between DNA and RNA.

Another difference is that RNA molecules can have a much greater variety of nucleic acid bases. DNA has mostly just 4 different bases with a few extra occasionally. The difference in these bases (between DNA and RNA) allows RNA molecules to assume a wide variety of shapes and also many different functions. DNA, on the other hand, serves as a set of directions.”----- http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/bio99/bio99410.htm

2. How are the RNA messages formed?
To construct a word in the RNA language, three of these letters are grouped together. These three-letter words are often referred to as a triplet or a codon. These codons are placed after each other in the RNA molecule, to construct a message, a RNA sequence. The protein producing machinery in the body will later read this message.

3. How are the RNA messages interpreted?
Ribosomes take in the amino acids, which make up a codon, and attach them together to make up a protein.

1. Describe cell cycle.

2. What is nuclear division?
Nuclear division is the division of the nucleus and genetic information into more than one cell from a parent cell, usually through mitosis or meiosis.

3. What is interphase?
Interphase is the "holding" stage or the stage between two successive cell divisions. It is where chromosomes are uncoiled and functionally active.

4. What is Cytokinesis?
Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm of a cell into two daughter cells.

5. What are Homologous chromosomes?
Pair of chromosomes that contains the same genetic sequence coming from the same parent cell.

6. Phases of mitosis (5 of them).
The 5 phases of mitosis are Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, and Interphase.

7. Phases of meiosis and how it is different from mitosis.
The phases of the meiosis cycle are Early prophase, Late prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, and II Telophase.

The mitotic metaphase can be distinguished from the metaphase I of meiosis as no pairing of homolog chromosomes occurs in mitosis; this is not necessary, even not suitable for the mitotic process (why?). Further, homolog chromosomes separate during metaphase I of meiosis, whereas during mitosis and metaphase II the separating structures are the chromatides. The difference between the separation in mitosis and metaphase II (meiosis) is that halfing of the number of chromosomes has preceeded meiosis II, in contrast to mitosis. Also the meiotic products are genetically diverse with respect to their parent and among each other. This is not the case in mitosis!

For further info please look in http://www.vcbio.science.ru.nl/en/virtuallessons/cellcycle/mitomeio/.

8. Describe the process and purpose of crossing over.

Crossing-over is the exchange of chromosome segments between homologous pairs ensures that there is a reshuffling of genes and, therefore, genetic diversity among the offspring. Every individual has pairs of chromosomes derived from the mother and the father. Genetic recombination ensures that a recombination of maternal and paternal chromosomes and genes are passed on to the offspring.

Nucleus: The nucleus is the considered one of the most important and the most obvious part in an animal cell. It is enclosed in a double membrane and communicates with the surrounding cytosol via numerous nuclear pores. Within the nucleus are a bunch of chromosomes, which are also their DNA. They take up a big role in cell reproduction.

Nucleolus: A specific structure in the nucleus. They are in charge of making ribosome.

Cytoplasm: This is a collective term for the cytosol plus the organelles suspended within the cytosol.

Centriole (animal cells only): Each centriole is a ring of nine groups of fused microtubules. There are three microtubules in each group. Microtubules (and centrioles) are part of the cytoskeleton. In the complete animal cell centrosome, the two centrioles are arranged such that one is perpendicular to the other.

Golgi: The Golgi apparatus is a structure with a single membrane. It is actually a stack of membrane-bound vesicles that are important in packaging macromolecules for transport elsewhere in the cell.

Lysosome: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes are in charge for the feeding of the cell. They are common in animal cells, but rare in plant cells.

Cell Membrane: It is basically the outer layer of the cell.

Mitochondria: They are the “power plant” of the cell. They are in charge of giving energy in order for the cell to divide.

Vacuole: A vacuole play several roles: storing nutrients and waste products, helping increase cell size during growth, and even acting much like Lysosomes of animal cells. But in plant cells, a vacuole can also store water.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is so named because it appears smooth by electron microscopy. Smooth ER plays different functions depending on the specific cell type including lipid and steroid hormone synthesis, breakdown of lipid-soluble toxins in liver cells, and control of calcium release in muscle cell contraction.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: Rough endoplasmic reticulum appears "pebbled" by electron microscopy due to the presence of numerous ribosomes on its surface. Proteins synthesized on these ribosomes collect in the endoplasmic reticulum for transport throughout the cell.

Ribosomes: Messenger RNA from the cell nucleus is moved systematically along the ribosome where transfer RNA adds individual amino acid molecules to the lengthening protein chain.

Animal cells.. are... are.. DUH!! can only be found in animals.

QUESTIONS:

1. Which parts of the animal cell are also parts of the plant cell?

2. Why is the vacuole in a animal cell smaller than the vacuole in the plant cell?

3. What is the purpose for the animal cell?

"CURRENTS" EVENTS

1. Explain how currents contribute to the distribution of marine organisms around the planet.

Different kinds of organisms, as we know it, have certain levels of temperature to live. We also know that the currents help distribute and regulate the temperature. By changing the currents we are changing the ways of the organisms that live on water. Birds, for example, have to migrate because the spawn of fishes changes.

2. The primary factor influencing ocean currents is temperature regulation. What might happen to the ocean currents (and has happened in the past) as global warming increases?
As global warming increases, the temperatures of places change. Different weather happens to those places. With these things that will happen, we can concur that the currents will change because currents are in charge of the climates and the temperature changes.

3. Explain how density changes cause currents.
When water becomes denser, it is downwelling, which means that the surface water sinks. Thus the processes called overturn starts.

"ARE YOU READY KIDS?! AYE AYE CAPTAIN!"

Hail sponge bob, my ancestor! Heeheehee.. It’s so cool how you finally found out where you originally came from. DAMN! I should respect sponges more then. And maybe, JUST maybe, if people learn about this, they will hopefully appreciate the reefs and take a better care of it.

“Who lives in a pineapple under the sea? SPONGEBOB SQUAREPANTS!”

1) What organism is thought to be the first multi-cellular animal?
sponge

2) How is it similar (3 examples) and different (3 examples) from animals today?
Similarities: Differences:
-It’s multi-cellular -No nervous system
-Reproduces -it regenerates lost parts
-It eats3 -it has spicules, or what is said to be the skeletons of

Sponges.

3) How do scientists know it's an animal?
They eat by sucking and filtering water

1. Reproduce or regenerates

2. The cells communicate to each other like the animal cells

4) What evidence do scientists have to prove that other animals (multi-cellular) evolved from this organism?
Spicules were found in the fossils that is said to be in the gene tree with the other species.

En-DANGER DANGER!!!

Maria Crow (Corvus kubaryi / Aga [IN CHAMMORRO]):

1. Can be seen in the island of Guam, Rota, and parts of the CNMI islands.
2. Though there are many sightings of this creature, it is said to be rare.
3. It is a small black crow consisting of green black gloss on the body.
4. It is considered threatened/endangered because of the wide variety of predators such as humans, cats, rats, brown tree snakes, monitor lizards, etc.

virtual lab reports

Question:

What atoms are in sour foods?
What is it that makes some foods taste so sour?

Hypothesis:

I believe that food gets sour when there is a big amount of hydrogen atoms.

Procedure:

1. Gather 5 liquid substances in a container and label each one with a number.
2. Then put a drop of dye in each substance.
3. You would see how the substances change their color.

Data:

Looking at the colors of each substance I found out that the colors meant something. The colors actually meant the more reddish the color is, the higher the concentration of hydrogen atoms are, and the more greener the substance is, the lower the concentration of the hydrogen atoms are.

Results:

By finding out the colors of the liquid substances, I concluded that the orange color, which is the lemon juice, is the sourest therefore; the hydrogen atoms in the lemon juice are most concentrated.

Sour Foods:
1. What are acids and bases?
Merriam Webster meaning: ACID--- a sour substance; specifically : any of various typically water-soluble and sour compounds that in solution are capable of reacting with a base to form a salt, redden litmus, and have a pH less than 7, that are hydrogen-containing molecules or ions able to give up a proton to a base, or that are substances able to accept an unshared pair of electrons from a base
Merriam Webster meaning: BASES-- a: any of various typically water-soluble and bitter tasting compounds that in solution have a pH greater than 7, are capable of reacting with an acid to form a salt, and are molecules or ions able to take up a proton from an acid or able to give up an unshared pair of electrons to an acid b: any of the five purine or pyrimidine bases of DNA and RNA that include cytosine, guanine, adenine, thymine, and uracil


2. What is a molecule?
atoms linking together
they are tiny particles that makes everything around us.

3. Why is pH important in the ocean?
pH is important because it is the measurement of the acid levels. The lower the level the higher the acidity which means the change in the hydrogen ion in the substance. The more acidic the ocean is the more damage the earth will have such as effects of climate change. Another cause is the lower the ph scale the more hydrogen ions are released. Then the amount of calcium carbonate, which is food for corals, crustaceans, and mollusks, will be lessen.

Merriam Webster meaning: a measure of acidity and alkalinity of a solution that is a number on a scale on which a value of 7 represents neutrality and lower numbers indicate increasing acidity and higher numbers increasing alkalinity and on which each unit of change represents a tenfold change in acidity or alkalinity and that is the negative logarithm of the effective hydrogen-ion concentration or hydrogen-ion activity in gram equivalents per liter of the solution;

4. What is an ion?
A charge subatomic particle.



Question:
What molecules makes holes in the bread?

Hypothesis:
i believe that yeasts are the ones that makes the holes in the bread.

Procedure:
1. Get a container, a test tube if possible.
2. Put 3 scoops of yeast in the test tube.
3. Puts same amount of scoops of sugar in the test tube.
4. Fill the container with water making it 3/4 full.
5. Stir the ingredients until the yeast and the sugar are dissolved.
6. Wait for a while until you see a reaction.
7. By flashing the container with the light, you would see the bubbles in the test tube.

Data:
The chemical reaction in the tube and/or in the dough are caused by the yeast giving of carbon dioxide. Not only that these carbon dioxide makes the holes in the bread but it is also the cause of my the bread becomes big and thick.

Results:
With the experiment done, we can see that the bubbles are rising. Inside the dough, lies some carbon dioxide being released. The yeast eats the sugar and uses it as an energy source. Like humans, the yeast the carbon dioxide. Therefore, i conclude that the holes in the bread are caused of all the carbon dioxide released by the yeast.

Holes in Bread:
1. What gas causes the bubbles?
Carbon Dioxide
2. How was the gas produced?
The gas is produced by the yeast molecules.
3. How does CO2 get in the ocean?
There are two ways that the CO2 goes to the water. One way is called "the biological pump" in which CO2 is stored in the lower and cold waters other than the heat in the upper surface. Another is the availability of carbonate, which comes from huge deposits of calcite (shells) in the upper levels of the ocean. These shells must dissolve in ocean water in order to be available to aid in the uptake of CO2, but the rate at which they dissolve is controlled by the ocean's acidity. The ocean's acidity does rise with increased CO2, but the slow pace of ocean circulation prevents this process from developing useful momentum. It takes a long time for the increased acidity to reach the vulnerable calcite deposits, to dissolve them, and then to bring the carbonate cations to the surface where they can combine with CO2 in the surface waters of the ocean.
(info is from http://www.harvardmagazine.com/on-line/1102198.html)

BLOODY HELL!!

Ok, seeing the moon turn bloody red was the coolest thing in the world. Though the BORING amelia earhart presentation made me not see the transformation of the BLOODY moon, i had fun looking at it. We spotted at smiling cove where it was pitch black. It was so easy to find the moon and all the stars around it.
Since i took the astronomy class led by Mr. Phillips, i learned that the redness of the moon is caused by the rays of the sun curving out to the surface of the earth which shines in the moon causing the moon to be bloddy red. Lunar eclipse is also easy to understand. It's when the moon, sun, and the earth are alined together but the earth will be in the middle. There is another eclipse called Solar ecclipse where the moon, sun, and earth are alined, but, this time, the moon is in the middle.

Amelia Earhart

I came to the presentation couple of hours late. We came there when the presentation was half way done. The Amelia Earhart presentation was, in my opinion, was BORING. Though the fact that i was about to sleep in during the presentation, there were some information that kept me awake. There was this experiment where the explorers tried to test if crabs were able to takes and rip of the body parts of a dead pig. They did experiment because they thought that creatures like crabs were able to take pieces of the body of Amelia.
They also showed some interesting information about the plane in the old days. There was one part where they found a small piece of iron and didn't know what it is for. Then the next thing you know, they came up with the theory that there was a piece of iron that was invented in the airstrip where Amelia was. The iron served as one separator for the gas tanks.
One thing that bugs me the most is the fact that there is still no plane found in the place where they suspect that amelia earhart landed. They believed that they are somewhere in the sea somewhere in the atols.

Tides

a. What is tidal range?
The difference in water level between successive high and low tides.
b. What causes high and low tides?
Tides are caused because of the gravitational pull of the moon and sun towards the earth. Large and small bulges are created. Large bulges are called high tides and the smaller bulges are called low tides.
c. What causes Spring and Neap tides?
Spring tides happen when the tidal range, or the difference in water level between successive high and low tides, is large. Neap tides happen when the tidal range is small.
d. How does tidal range effect the types of organisms and the shape and size of the organisms?
Organisms, due to the effect of tidal range, can either dies or live. Most of the effects of the tides on organisms living in these areas are due to the exposure to air. Another main problem is dehydration. Some strategies for survival in this area are to move into a moist are in order to maintain water. Also to move to a sheltered are protected from the sun and the crashing of the waves. Some organism protect their body with a protective layer. They either hide from tubes and other places or produce something like mucus to protect themselves.Organisms that have light colored shells don't absorb the heat as fast but rather reflect it. Having ridges on the shells also keep the organisms cooler as the texture of having a ridged shell helps reflect most light and sun rays. (note.. my answer is based on a paragraph from http://home.earthlink.net/~huskertomkat/tides.html)

Other than the bad effects, tidal range can have good effects too. High tides means that there's a lot of food that were once hard to reach when it was low tide. It is also the time to lay eggs. Some fishes lay eggs during high tides, and the eggs usually hatch when the high tides comes the next time around. The high tides help them swim from the shallow shores to the beaches.